Fluid retention3/17/2023 Swelling often resolves on its own, usually after a few days, says Norman Kaplan, a professor of internal medicine at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas. Hormones such as estrogen and testosterone can also cause edema, as can antidepressants such as phenelzine (Nardil and its generics), and such tricyclics as amitriptyline and nortriptyline. Two classes of blood pressure medications can also have this effect: calcium-channel blockers such as amlodipine (Norvasc and its generics) and nifedipine (Procardia and its generics), and ACE inhibitors such as enalapril (Vasotec and generics) and lisinopril (Prinivil and generics). So can the diabetes drugs pioglitazone (Actos) and rosiglitazone (Avandia). The nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ibuprofen (Advil and its generic cousins) and naproxen (Aleve and its generics) can cause or worsen edema. Superficial varicose veins can also cause legs to swell. This causes fluid to collect and pool in the legs and feet. One common cause is venous insufficiency, in which damage to valves in the legs’ deep veins hinders the return of blood to the heart. Peripheral edema, the term for swelling or fluid buildup in the lower legs or hands, can be brought on by such things as hormonal changes during menstruation, pregnancy, standing or sitting for long stints, and consuming salty food and drink. “It’s nothing to worry about if it resolves within a day or two.” “Many people will get some mild ankle swelling when they are on a long plane ride, or they may get hand swelling on a hot day,” O’Hare says. The severity and duration will depend on the condition causing it.įluid retention has many causes, and not all of them are alarming, says Ann O’Hare, an associate professor of medicine at the University of Washington in Seattle. Swelling can either disappear overnight or persist. (At other times, edema is caused by heart, kidney or liver disease that causes water to accumulate in the lungs, abdomen and elsewhere.) Fluid usually pools in the feet, ankles and legs, but it can also be more generalized throughout the body. Edema is sometimes caused by damage to or pressure within veins that causes them to leak fluid - blood plasma that is mostly water - into nearby tissue.
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